
{"id":991400,"date":"2024-11-29T15:58:56","date_gmt":"2024-11-29T15:58:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/usal.edu.lb\/?page_id=991400"},"modified":"2025-03-09T23:09:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T23:09:06","slug":"research-projects","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/usal.edu.lb\/ar\/research-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"991400\" class=\"elementor elementor-991400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-766ea15 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"766ea15\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e472b2\" data-id=\"0e472b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7836743 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7836743\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f1cf45 animated-fast elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"3f1cf45\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:100}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db9ae73 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-page-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db9ae73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-page-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-015fb9c elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"015fb9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3613b6ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3613b6ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c4275e7\" data-id=\"4c4275e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe8c7a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe8c7a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.\n\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.\n\u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac399b5 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac399b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Education Axis<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-164b627 borderless-table elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-accordion\" data-id=\"164b627\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\n        <div class=\"elementskit-accordion curve-shape\" id=\"accordion-69d076ff1b64e\">\n\n            \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-0-164b627\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-9c7300269d076ff1b64e\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-9c7300269d076ff1b64e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-9c7300269d076ff1b64e\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Case Study: Exploring the effects of a robot-based STEM Program on students\u2019 academic achievement in science classes<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-9c7300269d076ff1b64e\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-0-164b627\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69d076ff1b64e\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moustapha Fortunanto, Yasser Fadlallah, and Hussein Ziab<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The purpose of this study is to investigate how a robot-based STEM approach affects students\u2019 academic achievement. We aim in our study to identify the main promoted motivation that constructs the performance improvement of the student in case it exists. The study will compare student performance before and after applying our adopted robot-based STEM interdisciplinary approach, and measure the improvement in academic achievements, especially in Math and Science. It will try to figure out the main factors or motivations that help the student to be more involved in Math and\/or Science.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The main outcome of this project is the improvement of academic achievement in Math and Science of students that have a tendency for science, as well as some conclusion for the students who aren\u2019t into Math and\/or Science.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-1-164b627\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-0eb350d69d076ff1b64e\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-0eb350d69d076ff1b64e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-0eb350d69d076ff1b64e\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">The role of conferencing and  feedback in improving Speaking skills of ESL learners<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-0eb350d69d076ff1b64e\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-1-164b627\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69d076ff1b64e\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fadwa Murdaa<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In an attempt to establish a speaking center ( let's Talk) at USAL this spring, the study attempts to pilot the effectiveness of customized individual plans for learners. This starts with need analysis for each student, then devising an individualized work plan, giving students room to practice their speaking with an Advanced speaker, conferencing with students, providing feedback and building on output.<\/span><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is expected that students become aware of their linguistic needs and independently monitor their progress. Eventually, with spaced practice and feedback, they will be able to improve their overall speaking skills<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-2-164b627\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-1a750c869d076ff1b64e\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-1a750c869d076ff1b64e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-1a750c869d076ff1b64e\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Integrating ICT in Al Mabarrat K-12 Schools<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-1a750c869d076ff1b64e\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-2-164b627\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69d076ff1b64e\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iman Freij<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This research will assess the current use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Al-Mabarrat schools, identifying challenges and providing recommendations for future improvements. Through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations, the study will evaluate the infrastructure, digital skills of teachers and students, and how ICT supports teaching, learning, and administration. It will also examine barriers to effective ICT integration, such as resource limitations and insufficient training. The findings will inform practical recommendations aimed at enhancing ICT resources, teacher training, and curriculum integration to foster a more effective and inclusive digital learning environment.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collaboration(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Al-Mabarrat Institution<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-3-164b627\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-308541369d076ff1b64e\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-308541369d076ff1b64e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-308541369d076ff1b64e\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">The Impact of Educational Platforms on the Acquisition of Scientific Skills by Primary School Students: Between an Essential and Marginal Role of the Teacher<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-308541369d076ff1b64e\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-3-164b627\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69d076ff1b64e\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ghinwa Khazaal, Yasser Fadlallah, Moustapha Fortunanto<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our research aims to study the impact of educational platforms on the acquisition of scientific skills by students in middle school. We will focus on the \"Tabshoura\" platform, in a context that allows us to compare its effect on the acquisition of scientific skills when used by fourth and fifth-grade students without teacher intervention versus with teacher guidance.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The shift from traditional to online teaching happened rapidly, without preparation or training, making access to online resources more essential than ever. In this context, educational platforms offering digital content aligned with the Lebanese curriculum have been established, providing a fertile ground for education in the event of school closures due to challenging conditions in our country. The entry of these new methods into our lives prompts us to question the changes in the teacher's role.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary role of the life and earth sciences teacher in facilitating the acquisition of scientific skills by students remains significant, despite access to a wealth of open and freely available resources that enable learning on a wide range of subjects.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-4-164b627\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-d64ffcf69d076ff1b64e\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-d64ffcf69d076ff1b64e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-d64ffcf69d076ff1b64e\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Job Satisfaction and Self Efficacy among Special Education Teachers in Lebanon<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-d64ffcf69d076ff1b64e\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-4-164b627\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69d076ff1b64e\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Randa Farhat Kanj and Mona El-Abed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This study seeks to explore the correlation between special education teachers' perceived job satisfaction and two key factors: (1) their socio-demographics and (2) their self-efficacy. A total of 205 special education teachers from five different states in Lebanon participated in the study by completing online questionnaires. The tools used for data collection included:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Weiss, Davis, England &amp; Lofquist, 1967) to assess job satisfaction.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <\/span><b>self-efficacy scale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to measure teachers' perceived self-efficacy.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A demographic survey gathering information on age, gender, years of experience, educational level, working hours, and geographic location.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By examining these factors, the study aims to identify potential relationships between job satisfaction and various personal and professional characteristics of special education teachers in Lebanon.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-5-164b627\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-9f477ee69d076ff1b64e\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-9f477ee69d076ff1b64e\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-9f477ee69d076ff1b64e\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Motivation for Participation in Physical Education Classes among Eighth Grade Students in Al-Mabarrat Schools in Lebanon: A Survey Study<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-9f477ee69d076ff1b64e\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-5-164b627\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69d076ff1b64e\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hussein Ziab, Hussein Alaaeddine<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The rapid spread of technological devices among students has introduced new distractions, reducing engagement in physical activities essential for mitigating health risks such as obesity and related conditions. Despite advancements in physical education in Lebanon, there remains a notable lack of motivation among students to participate in these classes. This lack of interest, sometimes shared by parents, manifests as neglect or disinterest in attending physical education sessions. Many students report feelings of boredom or reluctance, attributing their disinterest to factors such as dissatisfaction with the curriculum established by the Ministry of Education and Higher Education, the readiness of schools to deliver this curriculum effectively, and criticism of current teaching methods and the format of classes.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While numerous studies have examined similar issues in nearby countries and in the West, no systematic research has yet been conducted in Lebanon to establish credible, data-driven insights. This project therefore seeks to fill this gap by exploring the factors affecting student motivation in physical education classes within Lebanese schools.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The study aims to identify reasons for low motivation to participate in physical education classes and develop practical recommendations to address these factors within Al-Mabarrat schools. Expected outcomes include creating an intervention plan based on the findings and evaluating its effectiveness in improving motivation to participate in physical education classes. The project will also assess the impact of this intervention on increasing students\u2019 willingness to engage in extracurricular physical activities, with a focus on students aged 12.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By identifying key factors and implementing solutions, this project aims to enhance physical education engagement, promoting healthier lifestyles and supporting students' overall well-being.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                                        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1508b05 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1508b05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Computer Science and Mathematics Axis<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-101f4ac borderless-table elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-accordion\" data-id=\"101f4ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\n        <div class=\"elementskit-accordion curve-shape\" id=\"accordion-69cf9fbddd2ec\">\n\n            \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-0-101f4ac\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-57187d569cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-57187d569cf9fbddd2ec\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-57187d569cf9fbddd2ec\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Coded caching in dynamic scenarios<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-57187d569cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-0-101f4ac\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69cf9fbddd2ec\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table><tbody><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yasser Fadlallah<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td><td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The topic of wireless caching in cellular networks has been widely investigated recently. Caching techniques and solutions have been applied to different types<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">of networks. However, the implementation of most solutions in practical scenarios still faces significant challenges. This research project aims to address practical coded caching schemes while considering realistic assumptions that help in implementing coded caching in practice. Different algorithms will be proposed that improve the performance of coded caching given realistic scenarios such as erroneous channel, user mobility, variable popularity, etc.<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collaboration(s)<\/span><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Faculty of Engineering, Lebanese University<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Saint-Joseph University (USJ).<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-1-101f4ac\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-0eb350d69cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-0eb350d69cf9fbddd2ec\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-0eb350d69cf9fbddd2ec\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Security Anomaly Detection in IoT Networks Using Complex Networks and AI Techniques<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-0eb350d69cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-1-101f4ac\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69cf9fbddd2ec\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ahmad Fadlallah<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a significant role in the digital transformation across various sectors by enabling data collection, analysis, and automated control through the interconnection of sensors, devices, and instruments. Ensuring the security of IoT networks is increasingly critical for the IT community. However, as IoT devices expand in scale and scope, the challenge grows to secure their communication without compromising performance. A comprehensive intrusion detection approach is essential for protecting IoT networks across domains like transportation, energy, and smart factories. Traditional monitoring mechanisms are difficult to implement, especially in heterogeneous environments where nodes have diverse characteristics. Key areas like smart cities and the future of industry must integrate new sensors and actuators with existing equipment without exposing IoT networks to frequent attacks. The goal of this project is to develop real-time anomaly detection and even prediction mechanisms tailored to IoT specifications.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This project seeks to apply complex network analysis tools and machine learning algorithms to detect and predict anomalies and intrusions across IoT networks efficiently. Complex networks, which have gained traction in scientific fields such as digital technology, healthcare, and ecology, offer valuable insights through advanced modeling, mathematical indices, and graphical approaches. Despite the potential of complex networks in analyzing IoT, they have been underutilized in IoT security against malicious intrusions. Some prior work has used IoT network properties to train supervised machine learning classifiers for anomaly detection. This project aims to be the first to integrate complex network measurements and IoT network characteristics as input features for machine learning classifiers, providing a new approach that combines complex network modeling with machine learning and deep learning algorithms. This innovative approach will not only detect security anomalies with high accuracy but also account for both the macroscopic network behavior and specific node characteristics, enhancing IoT network security.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collaboration(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">LINEACT, CESI Strasbourg, France.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-2-101f4ac\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-65392c869cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-65392c869cf9fbddd2ec\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-65392c869cf9fbddd2ec\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Cyberattacks detection in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System (C-ITS)<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-65392c869cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-2-101f4ac\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69cf9fbddd2ec\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ahmad Fadlallah<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This research project centers on developing robust methods for detecting cyberattacks against Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS), with an emphasis on securing Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. C-ITS networks are essential to the safety and efficiency of future transportation systems but are vulnerable to a range of cyber threats that can disrupt secure routing and compromise the integrity of shared data. One critical threat is the Sybil attack, where an adversary creates multiple false identities, exploiting the C-ITS identification mechanism to manipulate network behavior and launch other malicious activities. Additionally, routing table poisoning is a prevalent issue, where malicious nodes transmit falsified routing data, undermining network security and stability. Detecting such attacks is complex due to the distributed, dynamic nature of C-ITS and the diversity of threats it faces. This project aims to tackle these challenges by analyzing existing C-ITS standards and security measures, developing a simulation environment to replicate normal and attack scenarios, and collecting and analyzing simulation data. Machine learning techniques will be leveraged to model and identify patterns indicative of cyberattacks, enabling the proposal and evaluation of new, efficient detection algorithms. Ultimately, this research seeks to enhance the security and resilience of C-ITS networks, paving the way for their safe deployment in future transportation systems.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collaboration(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Telecom ParisTech - France<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                \n                <div class=\"elementskit-card active\">\n                    <div class=\"elementskit-card-header\" id=\"primaryHeading-3-101f4ac\">\n                        <a href=\"#collapse-797056f69cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"ekit-accordion--toggler elementskit-btn-link collapsed\" data-ekit-toggle=\"collapse\" data-target=\"#Collapse-797056f69cf9fbddd2ec\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"Collapse-797056f69cf9fbddd2ec\">\n                            \n                            <span class=\"ekit-accordion-title\">Graph Theory: about Sullivan&#039;s conjecture<\/span>\n\n                            \n                                <div class=\"ekit_accordion_icon_group\">\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_normal_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Normal Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-down\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <div class=\"ekit_accordion_active_icon\">\n                                        <!-- Active Icon -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-circle-up\"><\/i>                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                                                            <svg version=\"1.1\" class=\"svg-shape\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewbox=\"0 0 541 64\" height=\"64\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n                                    <polygon class=\"path\" points=\"85,55 81,55 51,55 42.5,64 34,55 0,55 0,0 34.4,0 42.5,9.5 50.6,0 81,0 85,0 541,0 541,55 \"\/>\n                                <\/svg>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div id=\"Collapse-797056f69cf9fbddd2ec\" class=\"show collapse\" aria-labelledby=\"primaryHeading-3-101f4ac\" data-parent=\"#accordion-69cf9fbddd2ec\">\n\n                        <div class=\"elementskit-card-body ekit-accordion--content\">\n                            <table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researcher(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ayman El-Zein<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Description<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A graph is a set of vertices related by edges. A digraph is an oriented graph. The outneighbors (resp. inneighbors) of a vertex in a digraph are the vertices that are dominated (resp. dominates) by the vertex. The outdegree (resp. indegree) of a vertex is the number of its outneighbors (resp. inneighbors). The second outneighbors of a vertex are the outneighbors of its outneighbors excluding its outneighbors. The second outdegree of a vertex is the number of its second outneighbors.<\/span> Sullivan (2006) conjectures that in any digraph there exists a vertex having a second outdegree greater than or equal to its indegree. I'm working on this conjecture.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The expected outcomes of the project are:<\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Proving the conjecture for a large class of digraphs: digraphs with minimum degree at least n-3, where n is the order of the digraph, and digraphs with order at most 7.<\/li>\n \t<li>Proving the existence of two or more such vertices in digraphs under some conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collaboration(s)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><em>KALMA Laboratory<\/em>, Lebanese University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>                        <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div><!-- .elementskit-card END -->\n\n                                        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-496a2b1\" data-id=\"496a2b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4fbb98 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4fbb98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-198a1a20\" data-id=\"198a1a20\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59f3fee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59f3fee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/ar\/research-vision\/\">\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c2de978 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c2de978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/ar\/publications\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12ecf2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12ecf2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-46623576 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46623576\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-408edf53\" data-id=\"408edf53\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117526ea elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117526ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"\/ar\/apply-form\/\">\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/a><\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a90a86b elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"4a90a86b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"\/ar\/apply-form\/\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"vamtamtheme- vamtam-theme-arrow-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b2f7c8 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b2f7c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0f5770\" data-id=\"b0f5770\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36fcc97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36fcc97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-138f672 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"138f672\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200,&quot;_animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/ar\/faq\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c92367 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c92367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"120\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/usal.edu.lb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shape-faq-box-2.svg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-20428\" alt=\"Abstract yellow graphic shape used in the visual design of an anger management workshop at USAL University in Lebanon\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-543eaa0 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"543eaa0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e46f10\" data-id=\"9e46f10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8151849 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8151849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e75e5ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e75e5ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:info@usal.edu.lb\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-paper-plane\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">info@usal.edu.lb<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b5b3fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b5b3fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e4471a2\" data-id=\"e4471a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e033d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e033d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6387851\" data-id=\"6387851\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66ea648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66ea648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a USAL\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cae436\" data-id=\"4cae436\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a27e531 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tme-button\" data-id=\"a27e531\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tme-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t                <div class=\"tme-btn-wrapper\">\n            <a id=\"\" class=\"tme-btn-md\" href=\"\/ar\/financial-aid\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3dd7af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e3dd7af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31a817d\" data-id=\"31a817d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cb9a69 elementor-widget__width-auto animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9cb9a69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_tablet&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad20887 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad20887\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;tmea_shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c52651\" data-id=\"2c52651\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc6b4ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc6b4ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b268b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-tme-button\" data-id=\"6b268b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tme-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t                <div class=\"tme-btn-wrapper\">\n            <a id=\"\" class=\"tme-btn-md\" href=\"\/ar\/apply-form\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f01ab8c elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f01ab8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/ar\/request-info\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c6411e elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6c6411e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/ar\/schedule-a-tour\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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Our main topics of focus include Computer Sciences, Health Sciences, Education, and Management. 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